Water and Fat soluble Vitamin

Water soluble Vitamin

Eight of the water-soluble vitamins are known as the vitamin B-complex group: thiamin (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), folate (folic acid), vitamin B12, biotin and pantothenic acid.

FAT soluble vitamin

Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, and K — are stored in the body for long periods of time, and pose a greater risk for toxicity than water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins are classified as either fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E and K) or water soluble (vitamins B and C). This difference between the two groups is very important. It determines how each vitamin acts within the body. The fat soluble vitamins are soluble in lipids (fats)

Why is it difficult to see through fog?

Why is it difficult to see through fog?

we cannot see through fog because of scattering…. As light travels through the air, it is subject to running into anything that's in its path. Atoms and molecules in the air, including anything carried in the air like dust or smoke, will scatter light.

What is Bile and important of bile production?

What is Bile and important of bile production?

Bile is a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile helps with digestion.

It breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract.

Bile contains

Bile contains bile acids, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. Many waste products, including bilirubin, are eliminated from the body by secretion into bile and elimination in feces.

Blood cell takes about 60 seconds to make a complete circuit of the body

individual blood cell takes about 60 seconds to make a complete circuit of the body

All about blood cells, blood cell requires 60 seconds to circluate in your body You have about 5 litres of blood in your body (at least, most people do) and the average heart pumps about 70 mL of blood out with each beat. A healthy heart also beats around 70 times a minute. So, if you multiply the amount of blood that the heart can pump by the number of beats in a minute, you actually get about 4.9 litres of blood pumped per minute, which is almost your whole body’s worth of blood. In just a minute, the hearts pumps the entire blood volume around your body.

What is a chromosome disorder?

What is a chromosome disorder?

A chromosome disorder results from a change in the number or structure of chromosomes.Error in the number of chromosomes (too many or too few) includes the following disorders: Down's syndrome or trisomy 21: The individual has an extra chromosome 21. Trisomy 18 or Edwards's syndrome: The individual has an extra chromosome 18. Trisomy 13 or Patau syndrome: The individual has an extra chromosome 13.

Syndrome	Abnormality	Incidence
Down’s	Trisomy 21	15 in 10,000
Edwards’	Trisomy 18	3 in 10,000
Patau’s	Trisomy 13	2 in 10,000
Turner	Monosomy X	2 in 10,000 (female births)
Klinefelter’s	XXY	10 in 10,000 (male births)
XXX	XXX	10 in 10,000 (female births)
XYY	XYY	10 in 10,000 (male births)

The colors of the visible light spectrum

The colors of the visible light spectrum

Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by its wavelength (or frequency) and its intensity. When the wavelength is within the visible spectrum (the range of wavelengths humans can perceive, approximately from 390 nm to 700 nm), it is known as "visible light"

Color	Wavelength interval	Frequency interval
Red	~ 700–635 nm	~ 430–480 THz
Orange	~ 635–590 nm	~ 480–510 THz
Yellow	~ 590–560 nm	~ 510–540 THz
Green	~ 560–520 nm	~ 540–580 THz
Cyan	~ 520–490 nm	~ 580–610 THz
Blue	~ 490–450 nm	~ 490–450 nm
Violet or Purple	~ 450–400 nm	~ 670–750 THz

WHAT IS ACID RAIN?

WHAT IS ACID RAIN?

Acid rain is one of the consequences of air pollution. It occurs when emissions from factories, cars or heating boilers contact with the water in the atmosphere. These emissions contain nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, which when mixed with water become sulfurous acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid

Why sodium metal is stored in kerosene ?

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Why sodium metal is stored in kerosene?

Sodium is a very reactive metal. It is kept in kerosene to prevent it from coming in contact with oxygen and moisture. If this happens, it will react with the moisture present in air and form sodium hydroxide. This is a strongly exothermic reaction, and lot of heat is generated

What is laughing gas?

What is laughing gas?

Nitrous oxide (N2O), more commonly referred to as laughing gas, is used as a local sedation method, according to the California Dental Association (CDA). It is colorless and odorless. Nitrous oxide is effective as a sedative because it relaxes patients with the pleasurable feelings it emits

Why is methane also known as marsh gas?

Marsh gas is

Marsh gas, swamp gas and bog gas are common names for biogas which forms in wetlands, whose principal component is methane with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide as minor compositions, produced naturally within some geographical marshes, swamps, and bogs

que-Why is methane also known as marsh gas?

Methane is called a marsh gas because it is formed by methanogenic organisms that can be found is marshes (thus concentrations can be found in marches). Marsh is an area of low-lying land which is flooded in wet seasons or at high tide, and typically remains waterlogged at all times.

What is the difference between CNG and LPG?

LPG consists of mainly

Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG (also called Autogas) It is extracted from crude oil and natural gas. The main composition of LPG are hydrocarbons containing three or four carbon atoms. The normal components of LPG thus, are propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10). Small concentrations of other hydrocarbons may also be present.

que-What is the difference between CNG and LPG?

CNG is Compressed Natural Gas, which is mainly methane compressed at a pressure of 200 to 248 bars. LPG is Liquefied Petroleum Gas, a mixture of propane and butane liquefied at 15 °C and a pressure of 1.7 - 7.5 bar-CNG is cheaper and cleaner, but LPG has a higher calorific value.

Why Potassium Permanganate is used for purifying drinking water.

Potassium Permanganate is used for purifying drinking water

Potassium permanganate is a point-of-entry treatment method that oxidizes dissolved iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide into solid particles that are filtered out of the water. It can also be used to control iron bacteria growth in wells.

que-Potassium Permanganate is used for purifying drinking water, because

opt1- It is a sterilising agent.

opt2-It dissolves the impurities of water.

opt3-It is a reducing agent.

opt4-It is an oxidising agent.

option-4 is right

Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) oxidizes dissolved iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide into solid particles that are filtered out of the water.

Green house Gas

Green house gas

The major greenhouse gas is of course carbon dioxide (CO2) and nearly all CO2 comes from fossil fuels and land-use change. But methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), which mostly come from agriculture and waste, are also significant GHGs and shouldn't be discounted.

In order, the most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are:

water vapor

carbon dioxide

methane

nitrous oxide

ozone

chlorofluorocarbons

Is co a green house gas?

Carbon monoxide (CO) is only a very weak direct greenhouse gas, but has important indirect effects on global warming. Carbon monoxide reacts with hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the atmosphere, reducing their abundance.

Is o2 is a green house gas?

Gases absorb / emit infrared light if they vibrate at the frequency of the light, and if its vibration has a dipole moment that affects the electric field. O2 and N2 are not greenhouse gases. All molecules of three or more atoms are infrared active

Washing soda and Baking soda

Washing soda

Washing soda is not the same as baking soda. They are two different compounds and are used for completely different purposes. Washing soda, aka sodium carbonate (or soda ash), is a natural cleaner and a powerful water softener. It's very basic with a pH of 11. Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), Na2CO3 is a sodium salt of carbonic acid.

Scientific name for baking soda?

Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. Since it has long been known and is widely used, the salt has many related names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, and bicarbonate of soda.

The Taj Mahal is a white marble why it discolouring and corrosion

The Taj Mahal is a white marble why it discolouring and corrosion

The Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife,Mumtaz Mahal.It is one of universally admired masterpieces of the world heritage . It has became a matter of concern over the past two decades due to pollutants in the air. The pollution has been discolouring its white marble. The industries located in and around Agra release pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, which react with water vapour to form acids, and fall down as acid rain. this result is discolouring and corrosion of white marble . This phenomenon is also called as "Marble Cancer".The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage".

Frequency and the Wavelength of colours

Frequency and the Wavelength of colours

Therefore violet has the highest frequency and the shortest wavelength of the visible colors of light.

And red has the lowest frequency and the longest wavelength of the visible colors of light

Color	Wavelength	Frequency
Violet	380–450 nm	668–789 THz
Blue	450–495 nm	606–668 THz
Green	495–570 nm	526–606 THz
Yellow	570–590 nm	508–526 THz'

Metal and its Ores

Metal and its Ores

Ores are naturally occurring rocks that contain metal or metal compounds in sufficient amounts to make it worthwhile extracting them. The method used to extract a given metal from its ore depends upon the reactivity of the metal and so how stable the ore is.

metals	Its Ores
Aluminium	Bauxite
Chromium	Chromite
Zinc	Sphalerite
Uranium	Uraninite
Silver	Argentite
Tungsten	Wolframite, Scheelite
Tin	Casseterite
Nickel	Pentlandite
Mercury	Cinnabar
Manganese	Pyrolusite.
Lead	Galena
Copper	Bornite, Chalcocite
Cobalt	Cobaltite
Iron/td>	Magnetite
Gold	Quartz.
Beryllium	Beryl.

Important facts about some metals

Important facts about some metals

Metals are chemical elements that are used in a number of different ways. Read on and learn some interesting facts about metals. Metals are usually solid, good conductors of electricity and heat, shiny when clean, strong and malleable (meaning they can be bent and shaped).

Zinc phosphide is use for killing rat

Wood furnitures are coated with zinc chloride to prevent termites

Excess of copper in human being cause death called wilson

Calcium hydride is called hydrolith

Calcium hydride is used to prepare fire proof and water proof clothes

Titanium is called strategic metals because it is light than iron

Group 1st element are called alkali metals because its hydroxides are alkaline whereas gruop 2nd element are callend alkaline earth metals

Potassium carbonate is known as pearl ash

Selenium metal is used in photo electric cell

Galium metal is liquid at room temprature

Palladium metal is used in aeroplane

Silver and copper are best conductor of electricity

Oxides of metals are alkaline

Lithium is the lightest and the most reductant element

Onion and garlic have odour due to potassium

Cadmium rod is used in nuclear reactiors to slow down the speed of neutron

Barium sulphate is used as barium meal in x-ray of stomach

Auric chloride is used to make antevenome needles

Mercury is also known as quick silver mercury is kept in iron vessles because it does not make amalgams with iron

Lead oxide is also called litharge. It is an atmospheric oxide it is used in rubber industries In manifacturing of storage and flints glass

Anaemia is caused due to deficiency of iron in the body while excess of iron in the body may cause siderosis

Blood group and it's Facts

Blood group

Blood group was discovered by landsteiner in 1900 for this he was awarded with Nobel Prize in the year 1930

blood transfusion

antigen'A' and antibody'a' Antigen 'B' and antibody 'b' cannot live together in case so happened this get most sticky which spoils the blood this is called agglutination of blood.

Blood group O is called Universal Donor because it does not contain any antigen

blood group AB is called Universal receptor because it does not contain any antibody.

RH factor

In the year 1940 landsteiner and wiener discovered a different type of antigen in the blood.they discovered it in the Rhesus monkey,therefore it is called Rh factor.

At the time of the blood transfusion RH factor is is also tested Rh+ (positive) is given to Rh+(positive)and Rh- (negative) is given to Rh-(negative)

Erythroblastosis foetalis

If the father's blood is Rh+ (positive) and mother's blood is Rh- (negative) then the child to be born dies at the pregnancy or short span of time after the birth. (this happens in the case of 2nd issue)

Blood group	Antigen	Antibody
A	Only 'A'	Only 'b'
B	Only 'B'	Only 'a'
AB	Both 'A'and 'B'	Absent
O	Absent	Both 'a'and 'b'

List of Human Diseases Caused By Bacteria and Viruses

List of Human Diseases Caused By Bacteria and Viruses

Bacterias are also presented in human body, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract such like nose, most of them are not harmful.

Bacteriophages are a type of virus that evolved to target specific species of bacteria as their hosts.

Disease	Causing Agent	Infection / Transmission
AIDS	Human T-cell HIV virus	blood and sperms , through sexual contact(homo or heterosexual)
Ascariasis	Ascaris lumbricoides	raw vegetables infected with eggs
Athletes’	Trichophyton	Foot bad foot hygiene
Bacillary Dysentery	Shigella Dysenterie	flies, food, faeces
Sleeping Sickness	Tryponosoma Brucei(protozoa)	reaches lymph nodes via transmission thru fly bites.
Diphtheria	Corynebacterium diptheriae ( Bacteria)	contact
Dengue	Dengue Virus (arbovirus)	Aedes Mosquito
Common Cold	Rhino Virus	contact
Cholera flies	Varibrio Cholerae	food , faeces, carriers
Chickenpox	Varicella Virus	contact
Botulism	Clostridium botulinum	food poisoning
Plague	Yersinia Pestis	Rat Flea
Mumps	Mumps Virus (Paramyxovirus)	contact
Measles	Measles virus (ParaMyxoVirus)	contact
Leprosy	Mycobacterium Leprae	Long and close contact
kala azar	leishmania donovani	infected sand fly
Influenza	Flu Orthomixovirus	contact
Hook worm	disease Ancylostoma Duedenale	faiseces and walking barefoot
Herpes	Herps Virus	contact
Gonorrhoea	Diplococcus ( Neisseria gonorrhoeae)	sexual intercourse
Filariasis	Wuchereria bancrofti	mosquito, infection in lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
Sore Throat	Streptococcus	Bacteria contact
Rabies	Rhabdovirus	mad dog bites
Poliomyelitis	Polio Virus	houseflies, food and water
Pneumonia	Diplococcus pneumoniae	bacteria transmission by contact
Vaginatis	Trichomonas Vaginalis	Female Vaginal tracts
Typhoid	Salmonella Typhi	Flies, food etc
Tetanus	Clostidium tetani	bacteria in soil through wounds
TB	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Bacteria transmission by cough
Pneumonia	Diplococcus pneumoniae	bacteria transmission by contact
Whooping cough	Bordetella pertussis	coughing and sneezing